USGA: Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online (TERO)

Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online (TERO)

The purpose of USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online is to communicate the results of research projects funded under USGA’s Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management, formerly the Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program, to all who can benefit from such knowledge. Since 1921, the USGA has funded more than $50 million for research at universities.

The private, non-profit research program provides funding opportunities to university faculty interested in working on environmental and turf management problems affecting golf courses. The outstanding playing conditions of today’s golf courses are a direct result of using science to benefit golf.

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2023
Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2023 Progress Reports		Issue-Level PDF for Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2023 Progress Reports
		TGIF records for all Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2023 Progress Reports
2022
Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2022 Progress Reports		Issue-Level PDF for Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2022 Progress Reports
		TGIF records for all Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2022 Progress Reports
2021
Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2021 Progress Reports		Issue-Level PDF for Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2021 Progress Reports
		2021 Supplement: Community Values of Golf Courses: From the Minneapolis-St. Paul Region to US Cities

		TGIF records for all Mike Davis Program for Advancing Golf Course Management: 2021 Progress Reports
2020
Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2020 Research Summaries		Issue-Level PDF for Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2020 Research Summaries
		TGIF records for all Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2020 Research Summaries
2019
Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2019 Research Summaries		Issue-Level PDF for Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2019 Research Summaries
		TGIF records for all Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2019 Research Summaries
2018
Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2018 Research Summaries		Issue-Level PDF for Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2018 Research Summaries
		TGIF records for all Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2018 Research Summaries
2017
Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2017 Research Summaries		Issue-Level PDF for Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2017 Research Summaries
		TGIF records for all Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2017 Research Summaries
2016
Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2016 Research Summaries		Issue-Level PDF for Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2016 Research Summaries
		TGIF records for all Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2016 Research Summaries
2015
Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2015 Research Summaries		Issue-Level PDF for Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2015 Research Summaries
		TGIF records for all Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2015 Research Summaries
Publication Date	Detail
May/June, 14(3), 2015	Page	Title
	1	Breeding and evaluation of Kentucky bluegrasses, tall fescues, fine fescues, perennial ryegrasses and bentgrasses for turf
	3	Improved understanding and testing for salinity tolerance in cool-season turfgrasses
	6	Adaptation and management of fine fescues for golf course fairways
	9	Characterization and validation of molecular markers linked to heat and drought tolerance for marker assisted selection of stress-tolerant creeping bentgrass
	12	Germplasm improvement of low-input fine fescues in response to consumer attitudes and behaviors
	15	Low input performance of highland, heat, and drought tolerant bentgrasses
	18	The evaluation of novel hybrid bluegrass in northwest Oklahoma as low-input turf
	21	Development of seeded and vegetatively propagated bermudagrass varieties improved in turf quality and stress tolerance
	23	Production and maintenance of triploid interspecific bermudagrass hybrids for QTL analysis
	24	Development of shade-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars for fine turf use
	26	Development of seeded zoysiagrass cultivars with improved turf quality and high seed yields
	28	Three university cooperative effort to develop cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars with large patch tolerance for the transition zone [Texas A & M AgriLife Research - Dallas]
	31	Developing and validating a new method to improve breeding for cold-tolerant bermudagrass
	33	Three university cooperative effort to develop cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars with large patch tolerance for the transition zone [University of Nebraska]
	36	Genetic improvement of prairie junegrass
	38	Evaluation, selection and production of turf-type bahiagrass
March/April, 14(2), 2015	Page	Title
	1	Investigations into the cause and management of etiolation on creeping bentgrass putting greens
	4	Management of bacterial wilt of creeping bentgrass caused by Acidovorax avenae on golf courses in the eastern United States
	7	Evaluation of fertilizer application strategies for preventing or recovering from large patch disease of zoysiagrass
	10	Do management regimes of organically and conventionally managed golf course soils influence microbial communities and relative abundance of important turf pathogens?
	17	Effects of sulfur, calcium source and pH on Microdochium patch
	19	Fungicide and insecticide combinations for management of nematodes on putting greens
	21	Irrigation requirements for salinity management on perennial ryegrass turf (Lolium perenne L.)
	23	Foliar urea-nitrogen use efficiency of warm-season putting green turfgrasses under salinity stresses
	27	Large patch on zoysiagrass and spring dead spot on bermudagrass as affected by establishment method and cultural practices
	30	Development of large patch resistant and cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars for the transition zone
	33	Development of large patch resistant and cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars for the transition zone
	35	Annual bluegrass response to potassium and calcium fertilization and soil pH
	39	Comparison of foliar N sources for putting green performance
	45	Developing management practices and prediction models for controlling seedheads on warm season turfgrasses
	47	Evaluation of putting green bermudagrasses for shade tolerance and evaluation of fairway bermudagrasses for water use rates
	50	Evaluating sand capping depth and subsoil influence on fairway performance, irrigation requirements and drought resistance
	52	Comparison of soil properties and mineral composition of turfgrass shoots prior to and after 10 years of irrigation with effluent water
	54	Reclamation of saline-sodic fairway soils
	57	Systems approach to Poa annua control on putting greens
	59	Systems approach to Poa annua control on putting greens
January/February, 14(1), 2015	Page	Title
	1	Carbon footprint and agronomic practices to reduce carbon footprint of golf courses
	3	Examining turfgrass species and management regimes for enhanced carbon sequestration
	6	Nitrous oxide emissions and carbon sequestration in turfgrass: Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization
	8	Various fertilizer sources for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions
	12	Water treatment and remediation using a bioreactor
	15	Biological control of white grubs in turf with microsclerotial granules of Metarhizium brunneum (Mb) (formerly Metarhizium anisopliae)
	19	Advancing integrated management of annual bluegrass weevil
	22	Benefits of golf course roughs for pollinator conservation and protocols for safeguarding beens when using insecticides
	25	Insecticide resistant annual bluegrass weevil: Understanding, managing, alleviating, and preventing a superintendent's nightmare

2014
Publication Date	Detail
September/October, 13(5), 2014	Page	Title
	1	Improving the ability of steel slag to filter phosphorus from runoff
July/August, 13(4), 2014	Page	Title
	1	Water-use efficiency and carbon sequestration influenced by turfgrass species and management practices
	4	Carbon footprint and agronomy practices to reduce carbon footprint of golf courses
	6	Examining turfgrass species and management regimes for enhanced carbon sequestration
	10	Nitrous oxide emissions and carbon sequestration in turfgrass: Effects of irrigation and N fertilization
	12	Various fertilizer sources and cultivation practices for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions
	14	Nitrous oxide emissions from cool-season turfgrass managed with organic and synthetic nitrogen fertilizers
	17	Turf colorants for aesthetics or as an alternative to overseeding
	20	Summer interseeding and aggressive post-seeding herbicides to reduce annual bluegrass in fairways
	23	A promising herbicide to control annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass putting greens
	26	Developing weed management programs for creeping bentgrass fairways using low-environmental impact herbicides
	29	Plant growth regulator and soil surfactant effects on drought and salinity stressed bermudagrass and seashore paspalum
	32	Effects of Micro-Blaze on creeping bentgrass and bermudagrass putting greens
	35	Evaluation of warm-season grasses for putting greens
	38	Evaluation of organic amendments and delivery technologies for control of large patch disease on zoysiagrass fairways
	41	Evaluations of new turfgrass fertilizers: field and laboratory studies
May/June, 13(3), 2014	Page	Title
	1	Breeding and evaluation of Kentucky bluegrasses, tall fescues, fine fescues, perennial ryegrasses and bentgrasses for turf
	3	Improved understanding and testing for salinity tolerance in cool-season turfgrasses
	6	Early physiological changes associated in cold deacclimation of annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass
	8	Improving our understanding of salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass through transcriptome analysis
	11	Adaptation and management of fine fescues for golf course fairways
	13	Confirmation and utilization of candidate gene markers for the selection of heat tolerant bentgrass
	15	Germplasm improvement of low-input fine fescues
	17	Breeding and evaluation of turf bermudagrass varieties
	19	Production and maintenance of triploid interspecific bermudagrass hybrids for QTL analysis
	21	Development of shade-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars for fine turf
	22	Development of seeded zoysiagrass cultivars with improved turf quality and high seed yields
	24	Development of large patch resistant and cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars for the transition zone
	26	Buffalograss breeding and genetics
	28	Genetic improvement of prairie junegrass
March/April, 13(2), 2014	Page	Title
	1	Optimizing turfgrass establishment on sand-capped tees and greens
	2	Annual bluegrass response to potassium and calcium fertilization and soil pH
	5	Do foliar fertility products enhance N update and turfgrass performance?
	8	Management practices and prediction models for controlling seedheads on warm seashore turfgrasses
	10	Evaluation of water use rates among bermudagrass cultivars
	12	Best management practices for anthracnose disease on annual bluegrass putting greens
	14	Promotion of turf health through early pathogen detection - development of a Turf PathoCHIP
	16	Use of silver nanoparticles for nematode control on the bermudagrass putting green
	19	Investigations into the cause and management of etiolation on creeping bentgrass putting greens
	21	Management of bacterial wilt of creeping bentgrass causes by Acidovorax avenae
	24	Occurrence and identification of an emerging bacterial pathogen of creeping bentgrass
	27	Evaluation of fertilizer application strategies for preventing or recovering from large patch disease of zoysiagrass
	29	Development of molecular diagnostic assays for fungicide resistance in the dollar spot pathogen
	32	Do management regimes of organically and conventionally managed golf course soils influence microbial communities?
	36	Integrated Pest Management of plant-parasitic sting nematodes on bermudagrass
	38	Determining the reproductive phenology of emerging overwintering annual bluegrass weevil populations
	40	Biological control of white grubs in turf with microsclerotial granules
	42	Advancing integrated management of annual bluegrass weevil
	44	Benefits of golf course naturalized areas for biological control and pollinator conservation
January/February, 13(1), 2014	Page	Title
	1	Efficient irrigation of golf course turf in the cool-humid New England region
	5	Reducing watershed scale phosphorus export through integrated management practices
	8	Long term nutrient fate research
	10	Development of phosphorus filtering systems for environmental protection
	13	Irrigation requirements for salinity management on perennial ryegrass
	17	Supplemental nickel applications and foliar urea fertility on two warm-season turfgrass species under salinity stress
	20	Development of large patch resistant and cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars for the transition zone [Kansas State University]
	22	Development of large patch resistant and cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars for the transition zone [Purdue University]
	25	Enzyme technology to alleviate soil water repellency in turfgrass situations
	30	Effect of glycinebetaine seed priming on the tolerance to abiotic stresses in turfgrass

2013
Publication Date	Detail
September/October, 12(5), 2013	Page	Title
	1	Golf course watershed management for reduction of nutrient and pesticide losses to surface water
July/August, 12(4), 2013	Page	Title
	1	Keeping all the pieces: Restoring natural processes for easier golf course management
	6	Comparison of putting greens constructed with airfield systems and USGA designs
May/June, 12(3), 2013	Page	Title
	1	Water-use efficiency and carbon sequestration influenced by turfgrass species and management practices
	4	Carbon footprint and agronomy practices to reduce carbon footprint of golf courses
	6	Evaluation of an inorganic soil amendment to reduce and manage fairy ring symptoms in turfgrass
	9	Reducing watershed scale phosphorus export through integrated management practices
	11	Plant growth regulator and soil surfactant effects on drought and salinity stressed bermudagrass and seashore paspalum
	13	Turf colorants for aesthetics or as an alternative to overseeding
	15	A promising herbicide to control annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass putting greens
	18	Developing weed management programs for creeping bentgrass fairways using low environmental impact herbicides
	20	Effects of Micro-Blaze on creeping bentgrass and bermudagrass putting greens

March/April, 12(2), 2013	Page	Title
	1	Efficient irrigation of golf turf in the cool-humid New England region
	4	Reducing watershed scale phosphorus export through integrated management practices
	6	Long term nutrient fate research
	8	Development of phosphorus filtering systems for environmental protection
	11	Irrigation requirements for salinity management on perennial ryegrass
	14	Supplemental nickel applications and foliar urea fertility on two warm-season turfgrass species under salinity stress
	16	Best management practices for anthracnose disease on annual bluegrass putting greens
	18	Promotion of turf health through early pathogen detection - Development of a Turf PathoCHIP
	20	The development and evaluation of new system to control nematodes in golf course
	22	Use of silver nanoparticles for nematode control on the bermudagrass putting green
	25	Investigations into the cause and management of etiolation on creeping bentgrass putting greens
	27	Management of bacterial wilt of creeping bentgrass caused by Acidovorax avenae
	29	Determining the reproductive phenology of emerging overwintering annual bluegrass weevil populations
	31	Biological control of white grubs in turf with microsclerotial granules
	33	Integrated pest management of plant-parasitic sting nematodes on bermudagrass
	34	Infection and colonization of bermudagrass by Ophiosphaerella species: The causal agents of spring dead spot of bermudagrass
	37	Occurrence and identification of an emerging bacterial pathogen of creeping bentgrass
	40	Validation of a logistic regression model for prediction of dollar spot of amenity turfgrasses

January, 12(1), 2013	Page	Title
	1	Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for Golf Courses
	4	Turfgrass Information File
	6	Buffalograss breeding and genetics
	8	Development of shade-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars for fine turf
	9	Improving our understanding of salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass through transcriptome analysis
	11	Development of large patch resistance and cold hardy zoysiagrass cultivars for the transition zone
	13	Early physiological changes associated in cold deacclimation of annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass
	15	Development of seeded zoysiagrass cultivars with improved turf quality and high seed yields
	17	Molecular characterization of chinch bug-resistant buffalograsses
	20	Confirmation and utilization of candidate gene markers for the selection of heat tolerant bentgrass
	22	Evaluation of curly mesquite and spruce top grama for turfgrass development
	24	Breeding and evaluation of Kentucky bluegrasses, tall fescues, fine fescues, perennial ryegrasses and bentgrasses for turf
	26	Development of seeded turf-type saltgrass
	28	Production and maintenance of triploid interspecific bermudagrass hybrids for QTL analysis
	30	Adaptation and management of fine fescues for golf course fairways
	32	Genetic improvement of prairie junegrass
	34	Breeding and evaluation of turf bermudagrass varieties

2012
Publication Date	Detail
December 2012	Harivandi, A., P. Brown, and M. Kenna (eds.) 2012. Proceedings from golf's use of water: Solutions for a more sustainable game. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(12): [1-5], 1-70
November 1, 2012	Nus, J. 2012. Addressing turfgrass water shortages. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(11): 1-20
October 1, 2012	King, K. W., J. C. Balogh, and S. G. Agrawal. 2012. Addressing subsurface nutrient and pesticide loss through end-of-tile filters. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(10):1-9
September 1, 2012	Huff, D. R., and J. M. La Mantia. 2012. *Greens-type Poa annua* violates the laws of genetics.** USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(9): 1-7
August 1, 2012	Rice, P., B. Horgan, and J. Rittenhouse. 2012. Evaluation of core cultivation practices to reduce ecological risk of pesticides in runoff from turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(8): 1-10
July 1, 2012	Rice, P., and B. Horgan. 2012. Solid or hollow: Which core cultivation method is the most effective at reducing nutrient loss with runoff from turf? USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(7): 1-11
June 1, 2012	Bremer, D., J. Lewis, S. Keeley, and J. Fry. 2012. Effects of wilt-based irrigation on visual quality and seasonal water applications on 30 bluegrasses in the transition zone. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(6): 1-12
May 1, 2012	Crouch, J. A., and B. B. Clarke. 2012. Biology and pathology of turfgrass anthracnose. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(5): 1-7
April 1, 2012	Winchell, K. M., and J. P. Gibbs. 2012. Golf courses as refuges for freshwater turtles in urban landscapes. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(4): 1-10
March 1, 2012	Brosnan, J. T., and G. K. Breeden. 2012. Application timing affects the efficacy of herbicides used for control of bermudagrass in zoysiagrass fairways. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(3): 1-8
February 1, 2012	Penn, C., G. Bell, J. Warren, and J. McGrath. 2012. Improving water quality with phosphorus removal structures. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(2): 1-6
January 1, 2012	Anderson, M., K. Melmaiee, S. Elavarthi, and A. Guenzi. 2012. Gene expression in cold acclimating bermudagrass crown tissues. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 11(1): 1-8

2011
Publication Date	Detail
December 1, 2011	Nus, J. L. (ed.) 2011. 2011 USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(23): i-vii, 1-46
November 15, 2011	Richmond, D. S., B. J. Schemerhorn, and M. G. Abdelwahab. 2011. Developing a DNA-based larval identification tool for billbugs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(22): 1-9
November 1, 2011	Nus, J., and M. Kenna. 2011. Reviewing USGA-funded research: Nutrient fate and transport. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(21): 1-8
October 15, 2011	DaCosta, M., L. Hoffman, J. S. Ebdon, and E. Watkins. 2011. Physiological factors associated with perennial ryegrass freezing tolerance. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(20): 1-6
October 1, 2011	Nelson, L. R., M. A. Foster, and J. Crowder. 2011. Salinity tolerance screening and breeding in annual and perennial ryegrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(19): 1-7
September 15, 2011	Stanback, M., E. Cline, W. Anderson, L. Bergner, P. McGovern, A. Mercadante, et al. 2011. Bluebird-proof nest boxes increase brown-headed nuthatch breeding on southeastern golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(18): 1-12
September 1, 2011	Brown, R. N., C. Percivalle, and G. Jung. 2011. Seeking copper spot resistance in velvet bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(17): 1-4
August 15, 2011	Bell, G., Y. Wu, and K. Koh. 2011. Selecting for shade-resistant seeded bermudagrass cultivars. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(16): 1-10
August 1, 2011	Doherty, J. J., and M. Clark. 2011. Utilizing reduced-risk pesticides and IPM strategies to mitigate golfer exposure and hazard. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(15): 1-18
July 15, 2011	Nelson-Brown, R., and G. Jung. 2011. Assessment of salt tolerance in velvet bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(14): 1-7
July 1, 2011	Koch, M. J., and S. A. Bonos. 2011. An overhead irrigation screening technique for salinity tolerance in cool-season turfgrasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(13): 1-10
June 15, 2011	Kopec, D. M., J. Gilbert, S. E. Smith, M. Pessarakli, S. P. Nolan, D. Fish, et al. 2011. Native grass development for turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(12): 1-5
June 1, 2011	Tomaso-Peterson, M. 2011. The efficacy of spring fungicide applications plus organic fertilizer for controlling spring dead spot of bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(11): 1-7
May 15, 2011	Wu, Y., D. L. Martin, Z. Wang, C. Tan, and T. Samuels. 2011. Microsatellite molecular markers accurately identify clonal turf bermudagrass cultivars. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(10): 1-7
May 1, 2011	Huang, B., E. Merewitz, S. Bonos, F. Belanger, and S. Warnke. 2011. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with drought and heat tolerance in bentgrass species. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(9): 1-8
April 15, 2011	Ervin, E., and A. Nichols. 2011. Organic matter dilution programs for sand-based putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(8): 1-6
April 1, 2011	Reinert, J. A., and M. C. Engelke. 2011. Zoysiagrass resistance to the fall armyworm. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(7): 1-9
March 15, 2011	Jackson, A. K., and D. A. Cristol. 2011. Tracking survival of bluebirds on golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(6): 1-7
March 1, 2011	Doroh, M. C., and J. S. McElroy. 2011. Competitive effects of various weed species on seeded zoysiagrass establishment. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(5): 1-8
February 15, 2011	Bixby, A. J., and D. A. Potter. 2011. Evaluating a naturally-occurring baculovirous for extended biological control of black cutworms in golf course habitats. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(4): 1-15
February 1, 2011	Pigati, R. L., P. H. Dernoeden, A. P. Grybauskas, and B. Momen. 2011. Simulated rainfall and mowing impact fungicide performance when targeting dollar spot in creeping bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(3): 1-13
January 15, 2011	Bell, G. E., and K. Koh. 2011. Nutrient and pesticide losses caused by simulated rainfall and sprinkler irrigation. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(2): 1-10
January 1, 2011	Qian, Y., M. Shahba, and S. Wilhelm. 2011. Effect of seed treatments, seeding date, and seeding rate on saltgrass seed germination and establishment. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 10(1): 1-7

2010
Publication Date	Detail
December 1, 2010	Nus, J. L. (ed.) 2010. 2010 USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(23): i-vii, 1-43
November 15, 2010	Landschoot, P., M. Fidanza, and T. Delvalle. 2010. Comparison of chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and iprodione products for control of dollar spot and brown patch diseases. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(22): 1-9
November 1, 2010	Reinert, J. A., and J. C. Read. 2010. Fall armyworm susceptibility among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(21): 1-7
October 15, 2010	Reinert, J. A. 2010. Red imported fire ants forage on turfgrasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(20): 1-9
October 1, 2010	Branham, B., S. Henning, and R. Mulvaney. 2010. Optimization of foliar nitrogen nutrition to improve turfgrass performance under shade or mowing stress. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(19): 1-5
September 15, 2010	Reinert, J. A. 2010. Damage by bermudagrass mite and resistance in bermudagrass cultivars. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(18): 1-7
September 1, 2010	Reinert, J. A., M. C. Engelke, and J. J. Heitholt. 2010. Hunting billbug resistance among zoysiagrass cultivars. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(17): 1-11
August 15, 2010	Peck, D. C., M. D. Diaz-Lyke, and M. Seto. 2010. Overwintering of the annual bluegrass weevil in golf course landscapes. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(16): 1-9
August 1, 2010	Baris, R. D., S. Z. Cohen, N. L. Barnes, J. Lam, and Q. Ma. 2010. Qualitative analysis of over 20 years of golf course monitoring studies. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(15): 1-16
July 15, 2010	Huang, B. 2010. Exploring molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance in bentgrass species. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(14): 1-5
July 1, 2010	Bixby, A. J., and D. A. Potter. 2010. Biological control of black cutworms using a virus. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(13): 1-6
June 15, 2010	Jackson, A. K., and D. A. Cristol. 2010. International golf course wildlife research: Focus on the future. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(12): 1-8
June 1, 2010	Heng-Moss, T., O. Gulsen, T. Eichkoff, R. Shearman, and F. Baxendale. 2010. The role of peroxidases in the defense response of warm-season turfgrasses to chinch bugs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(11): 1-10
May 15, 2010	Nanayakkara, U. N., W. Uddin, and L. E. Datnoff. 2010. Silicon and the development of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(10): 1-7
May 1, 2010	Navarrete-Tindall, N. E., and J. W. Van Sambeek. 2010. *Evaluating poverty grass (Danthonia spicata) for golf courses in the Midwest.* USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(9): 1-8
April 15, 2010	Belanger, F. C., D. Rotter, and K. V. Ambrose. 2010. A new model of the genomic relationships among creeping, colonial, and velvet bentgrasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(8): 1-5
April 1, 2010	Huang, B., and Y. Xu. 2010. Promoting better summer performance of creeping bentgrass through application of trinexapac-ethyl and seaweed extract-based biostimulants. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(7): 1-6
March 15, 2010	Baldwin, C., and H. Liu. 2010. Nitrogen management for 'Champion' bermudagrass under full sun and shade. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(6): 1-8
March 1, 2010	Paterson, A. H., and C. Kim. 2010. Drought-responsive gene expression in bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(5): 1-5
February 15, 2010	Held, D. W., and C. M. Abraham. 2010. *Biology of Larra bicolor, a parasitoid of mole crickets, and potential ornamental plants as nectar sources.* USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(4): 1-10
February 1, 2010	Kaminski, J. E., and M. A. Fidanza. 2010. Dollar spot severity as influenced by fungicide mode of activity and spray nozzle. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(3): 1-12
January 15, 2010	Morris, K., and S. Bushman. 2010. Developing drought tolerant and salt resistant turfgrasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(2): 1-7
January 1, 2010	Rice, P., and B. Horgan. 2010. Nutrient loss in runoff from turf: Effect on surface water quality. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 9(1): 1-10

2009
Publication Date	Detail
December 1, 2009	Nus, J. L. (ed.) 2009. 2009 USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(23): i-viii, 1-75
November 15, 2009	Martin, B. 2009. *Identification, pathogenicity, and control of Rhizoctonia* leaf and sheath spot of bermudagrass putting greens.** USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(22): 1-10
November 1, 2009	Lewis, D. F., J. S. McElroy, J. C. Sorochan, and G. K. Breeden. 2009. Selective control options for bermudagrass contamination of zoysiagrass turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(21): 1-8
October 15, 2009	Bell, G. E., and K. Koh. 2009. Natural rainfall runoff from a bermudagrass golf course fairway. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(20): 1-11
October 1, 2009	Morris, K., R. Zobel, and A. Hass. 2009. Engineering the best soils for turfgrass applications. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(19): 1-8
September 15, 2009	Christensen, D. 2009. Determining heritability of saltgrass height. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(18): 1-6
September 1, 2009	Guertal, E. A., and D. Y. Han. 2009. Timing of irrigation for cooling bentgrass greens with and without fans. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(17): 1-5
August 15, 2009	Wu, Y., D. L. Martin, J. A. Anderson, G. E. Bell, M. P. Anderson, N. R. Walker, et al. 2009. Recent progress in turf bermudagrass breeding research at Oklahoma State University. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(16): 1-11
August 1, 2009	Fu, J., and P. H. Dernoeden. 2009. Creeping bentgrass putting green turf responses to two irrigation practices: Quality, chlorophyll, canopy temperature, and thatch-mat. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(15): 1-13
July 15, 2009	Fu, J., and P. H. Dernoeden. 2009. Creeping bentgrass putting green turf responses to two summer irrigation practices: Rooting and soil temperature. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(14): 1-14
July 1, 2009	Carrow, R. N., J. Krum, and C. Hartwiger. 2009. Precision Turfgrass Management: A new concept for efficient application of inputs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(13): 1-12
June 15, 2009	Van Dyke, A., P. G. Johnson, and P. R. Grossl. 2009. Influence of humic acid on water retention and nutrient uptake in simulated putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(12): 1-10
June 1, 2009	Doroh, M. C., J. S. McElroy, and R. H. Walker. 2009. Utilizing soil sterilants to control bermudagrass and re-establish zoysiagrass for fairway renovation. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(11): 1-5
May 15, 2009	Mitra, S., M. Seaman, M. Fam, R. Plumb, A. Malazian, D. McKee, et al. 2009. *Evaluating new Poa annua* cultivars under warmer growing conditions.** USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(10): 1-10
May 1, 2009	Watkins, E., and M. D. Clark. 2009. Genetic improvement of prairie junegrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(9): 1-8
April 15, 2009	Redmond, C. T., and D. A. Potter. 2009. Continuing the search for biological control of white grubs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(8): 1-8
April 1, 2009	Fei, S.-Z., and C. Zhang. 2009. Identification of genes associated with cold hardiness in perennial ryegrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(7): 1-6
March 15, 2009	Fu, J., and P. H. Dernoeden. 2009. Carbohydrate metabolism in creeping bentgrass as influenced by spring and summer coring. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(6): 1-10
March 1, 2009	Horvath, B. J., A. E. Nichols, and M. A. Cutulle. 2009. The effects of mowing height and rolling on ball speed, quality, and disease severity of creeping bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(5): 1-5
February 15, 2009	Van Dyke, A., P. G. Johnson, and P. R. Grossl. 2009. Humic substances effect on moisture retention, nutrition, and color of intermountain west putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(4): 1-9
February 1, 2009	Walker, N. R., T. K. Mitchell, S. M. Marek, and Y. Wu. 2009. Host infection and colonization by a causal agent of spring dead spot of bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(3): 1-6
January 15, 2009	McDonald, S. J., P. H. Dernoeden, and C. A. Bigelow. 2009. Irrigation frequency in late summer impacts dollar spot severity and the ability of chemicals to control the disease. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(2): 1-8
January 1, 2009	Settle, D., and P. H. Dernoeden. 2009. Evaluation of cytokinian plant extract biostimulants, iron, and nitrogen products for their effects on creeping bentgrass summer quality. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 8(1): 1-16

2008
Publication Date	Detail
December 1, 2008	Nus, J. L. (ed.) 2008. 2008 USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(23): i-ix, 1-84
November 15, 2008	Fu, J., and P. H. Dernoeden. 2008. Carbohydrate metabolism in creeping bentgrass as influenced by two summer irrigation practices. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(22): 1-9
November 1, 2008	Koppenhöfer, A. M., and E. M. Fuzy. 2008. Long-term effects of persistence of nematodes for suppression of white grubs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(21): 1-14
October 15, 2008	Pessarakli, M., N. Gessler, and D. Kopec. 2008. *Growth responses of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) under sodium clhoride (NaCl) salinity stress.* USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(20): 1-7
October 1, 2008	Clark, J. M. 2008. Optimizing vegetative filter strips treating runoff from turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(19): 1-8
September 15, 2008	Starrett, S., Y. Su, T. Heier, J. Holste, and M. Paloma. 2008. Long-term monitoring of nutrient loss in runoff from a golf course. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(18): 1-9
September 1, 2008	Samaranayake, H., T. J. Lawson, and J. A. Murphy. 2008. Putting green and fairway turf as affected by traffic. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(17): 1-15
August 15, 2008	Murphy, J., F. Wong, L. Tredway, J. A. Crouch, J. Inguagiato, B. Clarke, et al. 2008. Best management practices for anthracnose on annual bluegrass turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(16): 1-16
August 1, 2008	Cowles, R. S., A. Koppenhöfer, B. McGraw, S. R. Alm, D. Ramoutar, D. C. Peck, et al. 2008. Insights into managing annual bluegrass weevils. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(15): 1-11
July 15, 2008	Green, R., G. Klein, K. Carter, B. Spivey, M. Caprio, K. Davidson, et al. 2008. *Defining nitrogen fertility rates for a Poa annua-creeping bentgrass putting green in California.* USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(14): 1-9
July 1, 2008	Beard, J. B., and M. P. Kenna. 2008. Water issues facing the turfgrass industry. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(13): 1-14
June 15, 2008	Brown, P. H., and D. Burger. 2008. Development of a model system to test foliar fertilizers for use in the turfgrass industry. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(12): 1-10
June 1, 2008	Lewis, D. F., S. McElroy, J. C. Sorochan, and G. K. Breeden. 2008. Selective control options for bermudagrass contamination in zoysiagrass turf: A preliminary report. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(11): 1-8
May 15, 2008	Li, D., and R. Gaussoin. 2008. Characterizing soil organic matter in golf course putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(10): 1-8
May 1, 2008	Baldwin, C., and H. Liu. 2008. Altered light spectral qualities impact on warm-season turfgrass growth and development. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(9): 1-12
April 15, 2008	Gardner, D. S., B. P. Horgan, and B. J. Horvath. 2008. Sampling a turfgrass system with the Illinois soil nitrogen test. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(8): 1-7
April 1, 2008	Li, D. 2008. Testing rootzone materials and monitoring the performance in putting greens using a TDR-tension infiltrometer. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(7): 1-10
March 15, 2008	Guertal, E. A. 2008. Nitrate leaching in bentgrass putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(6): 1-6
March 1, 2008	Massey, J. 2008. Considerations when conducting pesticide runoff experiments from turfgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(5): 1-7
February 15, 2008	Meehan, K., and P. G. R. Jodice. 2008. An assessment of fox squirrel habitat on golf courses along the South Carolina coast. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(4): 1-8
February 1, 2008	Bigelow, C. A., and D. R. Smith. 2008. Physical analysis of sands for golf course bunker use. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. Online. (3): 1-9
January 15, 2008	King, K. W., and J. C. Balogh. 2008. Hydrologic and water quality assessment from managed turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(2): 1-12
January 1, 2008	Pessarakli, M., and D. M. Kopec. 2008. *Growth response of various saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) clones to combined effects of drought and mowing.* USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 7(1): 1-4

2007
Publication Date	Detail
December 15, 2007	Carroll, M. J., C. J. Hapeman, and F. J. Coale. 2007. Turfgrass runoff investigations: Does plot size matter? USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(24): 1-7
December 1, 2007	Unruh, J. B., B. J. Brecke, and D. E. Partridge. 2007. Seashore paspalum performance to potable water. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(23): 1-10
November 15, 2007	Blunt, T. D., and N. A. Tisserat. 2007. New insights on Typhula snow molds. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(22): 1-5
November 1, 2007	Raymer, P. L., S. K. Braman, L. L. Burpee, R. N. Carrow, Z. Chen, and T. R. Murphy. 2007. Seashore paspalum: Breeding a turfgrass for the future. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(21): 1-8
October 15, 2007	Elliott, M. L., J. A. McInroy, K. Xiong, J. H. Kim, H. D. Skipper, and E. A. Guertal. 2007. Diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in USGA putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(20): 1-8
October 1, 2007	Landreth, J., D. Karcher, and M. Richardson. 2007. Cultivating to manage organic matter in sand-based putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(19): 1-7
September 15, 2007	Anderson, J., C. Taliaferro, D. Martin, Y. Wu, and M. Anderson. 2007. Bermudagrass freeze tolerance. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(18): 1-7
September 1, 2007	Martin, D. L., Y. Wu, J. A. Anderson, M. P. Anderson, G. E. Bell, and N. R. Walker. 2007. Bermudagrass cultivars with high quality and improved cold hardiness. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(17): 1-8
August 15, 2007	Guertal, E. A. 2007. Phosphorus leaching from sand-based putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(16): 1-6
August 1, 2007	Huang, B., and Y. Xu. 2007. Mechanisms controlling heat-induced leaf senescence and heat tolerance in bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(15): 1-6
July 15, 2007	Anderson, M. P., and Y. Wu. 2007. Fingerprinting of Bermudagrass DNA. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(14): 1-8
July 1, 2007	Hanna, W. W. 2007. Response of three bermudagrass genotypes to mowing height and nitrogen or growth regulators. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(13): 1-6
June 15, 2007	McNitt, A. S., D. Petrunak, and T. Serensits. 2007. The effects of organic fertlizers on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of USGA rootzones. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(12): 1-5
June 1, 2007	Braman, S. K., and P. L. Raymer. 2006. Tolerance of seashore paspalum to feeding by Japanese beetle. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(11): 1-8
May 15, 2007	St. John, R., and N. Christians. 2007. Basic Cation Ratios for sand-based greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(10): 1-9
May 1, 2007	Ervin, E. H., D. R. Chalmers, and S. D. Askew. 2007. Ryegrasses as companion species to speed establishment of Kentucky bluegrass fairways. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(9): 1-4
April 15, 2007	Huang, B. 2007. Root carbon metabolism associated with bentgrass tolerance to heat stress. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(8): 1-7
April 1, 2007	Leinauer, B., and J. Makk. 2007. Establishmet of golf greens under different construction types, irrigation systems, and rootzones. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(7): 1-7
March 15, 2007	Leinauer, B., D. Karcher, T. Barrick, Y. Ikemura, H. Hubble, and J. Makk. 2007. Water repellency in sandy rootzones treated with wetting agents. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(6): 1-9
March 1, 2007	Settle, D. M., R. T. Kane, and G. L. Miller. 2007. Evaluation of newer products for selective control of moss on creeping bentgrass greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(5): 1-6
February 15, 2007	Fry, J., R. Taylor, D. Stuntz, and A. Zuk. 2007. Strip seeding: A new approach for converting cool-season turf to warm-season grasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(4): 1-6
February 1, 2007	Redmond, C. T., and D. A. Potter. 2007. Silicon fertilization does not enhance creeping bentgrass resistance to cutworms and white grubs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(3): 1-7
January 15, 2007	Jung, G., J. Curley, and Y.-K. Jo. 2007. A genetic roadmap for breeding perennial ryegrass resistant to gray leaf spot. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(2): 1-7
January 1, 2007	Semlitsch, R. D., M. D. Boone, and J. R. Bodie. 2007. Golf courses could bolster amphibian communities. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 6(1): 1-16

2006
Publication Date	Detail
December 15, 2006	Qian, Y., S. Wilhelm, D. Christensen, T. Koski, and H. Hughes. 2006. Salt tolerance of inland saltgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(24): 1-10
December 1, 2006	Morris, K. N. 2006. Grasses for overseeding bermudagrass fairways. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(23): 1-7
November 15, 2006	Stier, John C., Kussow, Wayne R. 2006. Impact of prairie and turf buffer strips on golf course fairway runoff and leachate. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(22): 1-10
November 1, 2006	Shearman, R. C., T. P. Riordan, B. G. Abeyo, T. M. Heng-Moss, D. J. Lee, R. E. Gaussoin, et al. 2006. Buffalograss: Tough native turfgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online5(21): 1-13
October 15, 2006	Heng-Moss, T. M., F. P. Baxendale, T. E. Eickhoff, and R. C. Shearman. 2006. Physiological and biochemical responses of resistant and susceptible buffalograsses to chinch bug feeding.USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online5(20): 1-11
October 1, 2006	Koppenhöfer, A. M., and E. M. Fuzy. 2006. Nematodes for white grub control: Effects of soil type and soil moisture on infectivity and persistence. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(19): 1-10
September 15, 2006	Casler, M., G. Jung, S. Bughrara, A. Hamblin, C. Williamson, and T. Voigt. 2006. Development of creeping bentgrass with resistance to snow mold and dollar spot. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(18): 1-10
September 1, 2006	McCoy, E., and K. McCoy. 2006. Dynamics of water flow in putting greens via computer simulation. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(17): 1-15
August 15, 2006	Ryan, T. J., C. M. Scott, and B. A. Douthitt. 2006. Sub-lethal effects of 2,4-D exposure on golf course amphibians. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(16): 1-14
August 1, 2006	Koppenhöfer, A. M., S. Polavarapu, E. M. Fuzy, A. Zhang, K. Ketner, and T. Larsen. 2006. Mating disruption of oriental beetle with sprayable sex pheromone formulations. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(15): 1-8
July 15, 2006	Gaussoin, R., R. Shearman, L. Wit, T. McClellan, and Jason Lewis. 2006. Soil physical and chemical characteristics of aging golf greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(14): 1-11
July 1, 2006	St. John, R., and N. Christians. 2006. Soil testing methods for sand-based putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(13): 1-5
June 15, 2006	Guertal, E. A. 2006. Phosphorus movement and uptake in bermudagrass putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(12): 1-7
June 1, 2006	Chong, S.-K., A. Zhang, R. Boniak, Y. Haung, and C.-H. Ok. 2006. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of coarse-textured rootzone mixes. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(11): 1-10
May 15, 2006	Morris, K. N. 2006. The National Turfgrass Research Initiative. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(10): 1-10
May 1, 2006	Shearman, R. C., S. Severmutlu, T. P. Riordan, and U. Bilgili. 2006. Overseeding fine fescue in buffalograss turfs. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(9): 1-8
April 15, 2006	Starrett, S., Y. Su, T. Heier, J. Klein, and J. Holste. 2006. Nutrient runoff from three phases of a golf course project. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(8): 1-8
April 1, 2006	Harman, G. E., E. B. Nelson, and K. L. Ondik. 2006. Fungicide application effects on non-target microbial populations of putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(7): 1-6
March 15, 2006	King, K. W., and J. C. Balogh. 2006. Surface and subsurface nutrient transport from a golf course watershed. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(6): 1-14
March 1, 2006	Reinert, J. A., J. C. Read, M. E. McCoy, J. J. Heitholt, S. P. Metz, and R. J. Bauernfeind. 2006. Susceptibility of bluegrasses to bluegrass billbug. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(5): 1-9
February 15, 2006	Gannon, T. W., and F. H. Yelverton. 2006. Interseeding Roundup-ready creeping bentgrass into established 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(4): 1-7
February 1, 2006	Richardson, M. D., J. W. Boyd, D. E. Karcher, J. H. McCalla, and J. W. Landreth. 2006. Choosing appropriate herbicides for establishing bermudagrass from seed. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(3): 1-9
January 15, 2006	Frank, K. W., K. O'Reilly, J. Crum, and R. Calhoun. 2006. Nitrogen fate in a mature Kentucky bluegrass turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(2): 1-6
January 1, 2006	Qian, Y., M. Shahba, S. Wilhelm, D. Christensen, H. Hughes, and T. Koski. 2006. Cold hardiness of inland saltgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 5(1): 1-9

2005
Publication Date	Detail
December 15, 2005	Huang, B., X. Liu, and Q. Xu. 2005. The importance of carbon balance and root activity in creeping bentgrass tolerance to summer stress. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(24): 1-5
December 1, 2005	Braman, S. K., R. R. Duncan, W. W. Hanna, and M. C. Engelke. 2005. Dual defense: Pest-resistant turf and natural enemy interactions. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(23): 1-7
November 15, 2005	Williamson, R. C., and S. C. Hong. 2005. Identification of mechanism(s) of resistance in Kentucky bluegrass for control of black cutworms. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(22): 1-6
November 1, 2005	Voigt, T., D. Dinelli, B. Branham, R. Kane, and P. Vermeulen. 2005. Creeping bentgrass cultivars in the upper Midwest: Quality and rate of annual bluegrass invasion. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(21): 1-7
October 15, 2005	Pessarakli, M., and D. M. Kopec. 2005. Responses of twelve inland saltgrass accessions to salt stress. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(20): 1-5
October 1, 2005	Heng-Moss, T. M., F. P. Baxendale, R. C. Shearman, and T. E. Eickhoff. 2005. Resistant turfgrasses for improved chinch bug management. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(19): 1-7
September 15, 2005	Braman, S. K., R. R. Duncan, W. W. Hanna, and M. C. Engelke. 2005. Fall armyworm response to insecticides: Influence of turf type. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(18): 1-11
September 1, 2005	Cisar, J., G. Snyder, and D. Park. 2005. The effect of nitrogen rates on ultradwarf bermudagrass quality. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(17): 1-6
August 15, 2005	Camberato, J. J., P. D. Peterson, and S. B. Martin. 2005. Salinity alters rapid blight disease occurrence. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(16): 1-7
August 1, 2005	Throssell, C. 2005. GCSAA-USGA wetting agent evaluation. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(15): 71, 52-89 [1-34]
July 15, 2005	Merola-Zwartjes, M., and J. P. DeLong. 2005. Southwestern golf courses provide needed riparian habitat for birds. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(14): 1-18
July 1, 2005	Carrow, R. N. 2005. Seashore paspalum ecotype responses to drought and root limiting stresses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(13): 1-9
June 15, 2005	Bell, G., and J. Moss. 2005. Managing golf course roughs to reduce runoff. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(12): 1-9
June 1, 2005	Frank, K. W., B. E. Leach, J. R. Crum, P. E. Rieke, B. R. Leinauer, T. A. Nikolai, et al. 2005. Effect of rootzone material and depth on moisture retention in undulating USGA putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(11): 1-9
May 15, 2005	Williams, D. W., and M. S. Harrell. 2005. Leaf surface morphology among Agrostis species and cultivars and correlation with dollar spot severity.USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(10): 1-6
May 1, 2005	Smith, M. D., and C. J. Conway. 2005. Use of artificial burrows on golf courses for burrowing owl conservation. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(9): 1-6
April 15 , 2005	McCoy, E., and K. McCoy. 2005. Putting green rootzone amendments and irrigation water conservation. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(8): 1-9
April 1 , 2005	Kopec, D.M., J.H. Walworth, J.J. Gilbert, G.M. Sower, M. Pessarakli. 2005. Ball roll distance of 'Sea Isle 2000' paspalum in response to mowing height and nitrogen fertility. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(7): 1-6
March 15, 2005	Paterson, A.H., W. Hanna, C. Bethel, and E. Sciara. 2005. Creating a genetic roadmap for bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(6):1-4
March 1, 2005	Hanna, W. 2005. Controlling thatch in 'TifEagle' bermudagrass with the Graden Verticutter. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(5): 1-6
February 15, 2005	Harman, G.E., E.B. Nelson, B. Giuliano Garisto Donzell, and K.L. Ondik. 2005. Diversity and biology of the dollar spot organism, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, and its implications. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(4): 1-9
February 1, 2005	Belanger, F.C., S.A. Bonos, and W.A. Meyer. 2005. Interspecific hybridization as a new approach to improving dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(3): 1-5
January 15, 2005	Reicher, Z.J., E.A. Kohler, V.L. Poole, and R.F. Turco. 2005. Constructed wetlands on golf courses help manage runoff from the course and surrounding areas. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(2): 1-14
January 1, 2005	Anderson, J., C. Taliaferro, M. Anderson, D. Martin, and A. Guenzi. 2005. Freeze tolerance and low temperature-induced genes in bermudagrass plants. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(1): 1-7

2004
Publication Date	Detail
December 15, 2004	Karp, M. A., and E.B. Nelson. 2004. Bacterial communities associated with creeping bentgrass in soil and sand rootzones. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(24): 1-19
December 1, 2004	Williamson, R.C., and S. Hong. 2004. Managing earthworm castings in golf course turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(23): 1-6
November 15, 2004	Barthelmess, E.L. 2004. Managing golf courses for small mammal diversity. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(22): 1-10
November 1, 2004	Putnam, A.R., and J.M. Clark. 2004. Managing pesticide exposure from turfgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(21): 1-17
October 15, 2004	Taliaferro, C.M., D.L. Martin, J.A. Anderson, M.P. Anderson, and A.C. Guenzi. 2004. Broadening the horizons of turf bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(20): 1-9
October 1, 2004	Starrett, S.K., J. Klein, and T. Heier. 2004. Roundup runoff from zoysiagrass fairways. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(19): 1-6
September 15, 2004	Huang, B., J. Pote, and Q. Xu. 2004. Soil temperatures controlling creeping bentgrass growth. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(18): 1-5
September 1, 2004	Branham, B.E., F.Z. Kandil, and J. Mueller. 2004. Best management practices to reduce pesticide runoff from turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(17): 1-8
August 15, 2004	White, C.L. and M.B. Main. 2004. Habitat value of golf course wetlands to waterbirds. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(16): 1-10
August 1, 2004	Rodewald, A.D., P.G. Rodewald, and M.J. Santiago. 2004. Conservation of Red-headed Woodpeckers on Midwestern golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(15): 1-7
July 15, 2004	Porter, E.E., D.N. Pennington, J. Bulluck, and R.B. Blair. 2004. Assessing the conservation value of golf gourses for butterflies. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(14): 1-13
July 1, 2004	Richardson, M.D., D.E. Karcher, and J.W. Boyd. 2004. Seeding date and cultivar affect winter survival of seeded bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(13): 1-8
June 15, 2004	Prater, C.A. and D.A. Potter. 2004. New tool for biological warfare on cutworms? USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(12): 1-5
June 1, 2004	Daniels, J.C. and T.C. Emmel. 2004. Florida golf courses help save endangered butterfly. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(11): 1-7
May 15, 2004	Murphy, J.A., H. Samaranayake, J.A. Honig, T.J. Lawson, and S.L. Murphy. 2004. Creeping bentgrass establishment on sand-based rootzones varying in amendment. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(10): 1-15
May 1, 2004	Huff, D.R. 2004. Developing annual bluegrass cultivars for putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(9): 1-8
April 15, 2004	Peterson, P., B. Martin, and J. Camberato. 2004. Rapid blight disease of cool-season grasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(8): 1-6
April 1, 2004	Thien, S., S. Starret, R. Robel, P. Shea, D. Gourlay, and C. Roth. 2004. A multiple index environmental quality evaluation and management system: Application to a golf course. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(7): 1-10
March 15, 2004	Bigelow, C.A., D.C. Bowman, and D.K. Cassel. 2004. Physical properties of sand amended with inorganic materials or sphagnum peat moss. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(6): 1-14
March 1, 2004	Soli, A.M. and W.O. Lamp. 2004. Pesticide and fertilizer contamination of streams adjacent to golf courses and the response of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate community. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(5): 1-18
February 15, 2004	Grant, J. A. and F. S. Rossi. 2004. Evaluation of reduced chemical management systems for putting green turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(4): 1-13
February 1, 2004	Guertal, E. A. and M. L. Elliot. 2004. Microbe populations in USGA putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(3): 1-6
January 15, 2004	Braman, K. 2004. Resistant turf: Front line defense for insect pests. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(2): 1-8
January 1, 2004	Morris, K. 2004. Grasses for overseeding bermudagrass fairways. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 3(1): 1-8

2003
Publication Date	Detail
December 15, 2003	Bigelow, C. A., D. C. Bowman, and D. K. Cassel. 2003. Inorganic soil amendments limit Nitrogen Leaching in newly constructed sand-based putting green rooting mixtures. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(24): 1-7
December 1, 2003	Johnston, W. J. and C. T. Golob. 2003. Snow mold control in the Intermountain Northwest. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(23): 1-9
November 15, 2003	Maier, R. M. and D. A. Potter. 2003. Nuisance ants on golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(22): 1-5
November 1, 2003	Maqbool, S. B. and M. B. Sticklen. 2003. Genetic engineering turfgrasses for pest resistance. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(21): 1-13
October 15, 2003	Tisserat, N. A., F. B. Iriarte, H. C. Wetzel III, J. D. Fry, and D. L. Martin. 2003. Identification, distribution, and aggressiveness of spring dead spot pathogens of bermudagrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(20): 1-8
October 1, 2003	Miller, R. O. 2003. Variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity: The effect of antecedent moisture content. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(19):1-5
September 15, 2003	Datnoff, L. A. and B. A. Rutherford. 2003. Accumulation of silicon by bermudagrass to enhance disease suppression of leaf spot and melting out. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(18): 1-6.
September 1, 2003	Carrow, R. N. 2003. Surface organic matter in bentgrass greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(17):1-10.
August 15, 2003	Gordon, D. H., G. J. Stephen, and G. M. Phillips. 2003. Golf courses and bird communities in the south Atlantic coastal plain. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(16): 1-9.
August 1, 2003	Crum, J. R., F. W. Thomas, and J. N. Rogers III. 2003. Agronomic and engineering properties of USGA putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(15): 1-9.
July 15, 2003	Marcum, K.B., G. Wess, T.D. Ray, and M.C. Engelke. 2003. Zoysiagrasses, salt glands, and salt tolerance. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(14): 1-6.
July 1, 2003	Martin, D. and J. Gazaway. 2003. Can non-traditional water conditioning devices help address irrigation water quality and quantity issues? USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(13): 1-9.
June 15, 2003	Murphy, J. A., T. J. Lawson, and J. Clark. 2003. Ball marks on bentgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(12): 1- 6.
June 1, 2003	Uddin, W., G. Viji, and P. Vincelli. 2003. Gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf: an emerging problem for the turfgrass industry. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(11): 1- 18.
May 15, 2003	Goatley, J. M. Jr., H. W. Philley, J. V. Krans, E. A. van Santen, L. Capo-chichi, and D. Davis. 2003. The genetic stability of six bermudagrasses as affected by chronic exposure to dinitroaniline herbicides. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(10): 1- 7.
May 1, 2003	Han, Y., S. A. Bonos, B. B. Clarke, and W. A. Meyer. 2003. Inoculation techniques for selection of gray leaf spot resistance in perennial ryegrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(9): 1- 7.
April 15, 2003	Dernoeden, P., C. Bigelow, J. E. Kaminski, and John Krouse. 2003. Smooth crabgrass control and creeping bentgrass tolerance to Quinclorac (Drive®). USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(8): 1- 11.
April 1, 2003	Kane, R. and L. Miller. 2003. Field testing plant growth regulators and wetting agents for seedhead suppression of annual bluegrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(7): 1- 7.
March 15, 2003	Johnson, P. G. 2003. The influence of frequent or infrequent irrigation on turfgrasses in cool-arid west. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(6): 1-8
March 1, 2003	Carroll, M. and R. L. Hill. 2003. Does thatch complicate pesticide leachate predictions? USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(5): 1-9
February 15, 2003	Prettyman, G. and E. McCoy. 2003. Localized drought on sloped putting greens with sand-based rootzones. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(4): 1-8
February 1, 2003	Gaussoin, R. and R. Shearman. 2003. Soil microbial characteristics of aging golf greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(3): 1-6.
January 15, 2003	Kaminski, J. E. and P. H. Dernoeden. 2003. Understanding bentgrass dead spot. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(2): 1-7.
January 1, 2003	Morris, K. 2003. Bentgrasses and bermudagrasses for today's putting greens. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 2(1): 1-7.

2002
Publication Date	Detail
December 15, 2002	Paton, P. W. C. and R. S. Egan. 2002. Strategies to maintain pond-breeding amphibians on golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(20): 1-7.
December 1, 2002	Johnston, W. J. and C. T. Golob. 2002. Nitrogen leaching through a sand-based golf green. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(19): 1-7.
November 15, 2002	Puri, V. M. and C. F. Mancino. 2002. Importance of particle shape and size on rootzone sands' bulk mechanical behavior. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(18):1-8.
November 1, 2002	Schuman, L. M. 2002. Nutrient leaching and runoff from golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(17):1-9.
October 15, 2002	Haith, D. A. 2002. Modeling pesticide runoff from turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(16):1-7.
October 1, 2002	Bushoven, J. T., Z. Jiang, and R. J. Hull. 2002. Differences in nitrate uptake and metabolism among perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass cultivars. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(15):1-14.
September 15, 2002	Haith, D. A. 2002. Modeling pesticide volatilization from turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(14):1-5.
September 1, 2002	Cisar, J. L., R. H. Snyder, J. B. Sartain, and C. J. Borgert. 2002. Dislodgeable residues of chlorpyrifos and isazofos and implications for golfer exposure. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(13):1-10.
August 15, 2002	Hughes, H., D. Christenen, T. Koski, and S. Reid. 2002. Desert saltgrass: a potential new turfgrass. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(12):1-4.
August 1, 2002	Lee, G., R. R. Duncan, and R. N. Carrow. 2002. Initial selections of salt-tolerant seashore paspalum ecotypes. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(11):1-7.
July 15, 2002	Frank, K. 2002. Buffalograss management research: the results may surprise you. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(10):1-6.
July 1, 2002	Frank, J. H. 2002. A parasitic fly that kills mole crickets. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(9):1-5.
June 15, 2002	Rogers, M. E., and D. A. Potter. 2002. Biological control of white grubs by parasitic wasps. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(8):1-5.
June 1, 2002	Williams, D. W., and P. B. Burns. 2002. Renovation of perennial ryegrass fairways with seeded bermudagrasses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(7):1-6.
May 15, 2002	Howard, J. H. 2002. Golf course design and maintenance: impacts on amphibians. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(6):1-21.
May 1, 2002	Brandenburg, R. L. 2002. Improving mole cricket management by targeting their weakness. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(5):1-8.
April 15, 2002	Scott, D. E., B. S. Metts, and J. W. Gibbons. 2002. Seasonal wetlands and golf courses. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(4):1-7.
April 1, 2002	Kenna, M. P., and J. T. Snow. 2002. Environmental research: past and future. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(3):1-25.
March 15, 2002	Stangel, P., and K. Distler. 2002. Golf courses for wildlife: Looking beyond the turf. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(2):1-6.
March 1, 2002	Anderson, M., A. Guenzi, D. Martin, C. Taliaferro, and N. Tisserat.2002. Spring Dead Spot: a Major Bermudagrass Disease. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 1(1):1-5.